[Peutz Jeghers syndrome. Report of five cases]. / Síndrome de Peutz- Jeghers. Presentación de cinco casos.

The Peutz Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous pigmentation, are at high risk of bowel resections because ischemia secondary to intussusception. The risk of gastrointestinal cancer is nine more than the general population. We report five patients diagnosed with SPG, four had intestinal intussusception, one upper gastrointestinal bleeding and one died with pancreatic neoplasia.

Síndrome de Peutz- Jeghers. Presentación de cinco casos / Peutz Jeghers syndrome. Report of five cases

El Síndrome de Peutz Jeghers (SPJ) es caracterizado por pólipos hamartomatosos gastrointestinales y pigmentación mucocutánea característica, tiene alto riesgo de resecciones intestinales debido a isquemia secundaria e intususcepción. El riesgo de cáncer digestivo es nueve veces más que en la población general. Reportamos cinco pacientes con diagnóstico de SPJ, tres casos presentaron intususcepción intestinal, un caso hemorragia digestiva alta y el quinto caso falleció con neoplasia pancreática...

The Peutz Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous pigmentation, are at high risk of bowel resections because ischemia secondary to intussusception. The risk of gastrointestinal cancer is nine more than the general population. We report five patients diagnosed with SPG, four had intestinal intussusception, one upper gastrointestinal bleeding and one died with pancreatic neoplasia...

[Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in symptomatic outpatients in Red Rebagliati (EsSalud) from 2010 to 2013, Lima, Peru]. / Prevalencia de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes sintomáticos de consulta externa de la Red Rebagliati (EsSalud),Lima, Perú, en el período 2010 â€" 2013.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in symptomatic outpatients in Red Rebagliati (EsSalud) from 2010 to 2013. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, transversal and analytical study. Records of outpatients with diagnostic 13C-urea breath test of Helicobacter pylori in the period 2010-2013 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 1711 patients, the overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 45.5% (95% CI: 43.17-47.89) being higher in women than in men (47.1% vs. 42.1%, p=0.056). There were significant differences in age between infected and uninfected (44 vs. 39, p < 0.05), with association between age and the presence of Helicobacter pylori (p<0.001). The estimated prevalence in the pediatric population was 36.3% and was found positive in 201 (51.1%) women of childbearing age. Most (43.9%) came from the financial sector of the city. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the study population was similar in both sexes and is related to age. The average socioeconomic status of Lima maintains the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori reported in the last years.

Prevalencia de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes sintomáticos de consulta externa de la Red Rebagliati (EsSalud), Lima, Perú, en el período 2010 - 2013 / Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in symptomatic outpatients in Red Rebagliati (EsSalud) from 2010 to 2013, Lima, Peru

Determinar la prevalencia de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes sintomáticos de consulta externa en la Red Rebagliati (EsSalud) en el período 2010-2013. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico. Se revisaron los registros de pacientes ambulatorios con la prueba en aliento con urea-13C diagnóstica de Helicobacter pylori en el período 2010-2013. Resultados: De los 1711 pacientes, la prevalencia global de Helicobacter pylori fue 45,5% (IC 95%: 43,17- 47,89), siendo mayor en mujeres que en varones (47,1% vs. 42,1%, p=0,056). Hubo diferencias significativas en la edad entre infectados y no infectados (44 vs. 39, p<0,05), con asociación entre la edad y presencia de Helicobacter pylori (p<0,001). La prevalencia estimada en la población pediátrica fue 36,3% y se encontró resultado positivo en 201 (51,1%) mujeres en edad fértil. La mayoría (43,9%) procedían del sector financiero de la ciudad. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de Helicobacter pylori en la población de estudio fue similar en ambos sexos y tuvo relación con la edad. El nivel socioeconómico medio de Lima mantiene la prevalencia de Helicobacter pylori reportada en los últimos años...

To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in symptomatic outpatients in Red Rebagliati (EsSalud) from 2010 to 2013. Material and methods: An observational, transversal and analytical study. Records of outpatients with diagnostic 13C-urea breath test of Helicobacter pylori in the period 2010-2013 were reviewed. Results: Of the 1711 patients, the overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 45.5% (95% CI: 43.17-47.89) being higher in women than in men (47.1% vs. 42.1%, p=0.056). There were significant differences in age between infected and uninfected (44 vs. 39, p<0.05), with association between age and the presence of Helicobacter pylori (p<0.001). The estimated prevalence in the pediatric population was 36.3% and was found positive in 201 (51.1%) women of childbearing age. Most (43.9%) came from the financial sector of the city. Conclusions: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the study population was similar in both sexes and is related to age. The average socioeconomic status of Lima maintains the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori reported in the last years...

[The "Chaco": eatable medicinal clay in the Peruvian highlands and his properties in digestive diseases]. / El "chaco": arcilla medicinal comestible del altiplano peruano y sus propiedades en la patología digestiva.

The inhabitants of the peruvian-bolivian plateau consume a natural substance known as "Chaco", widespread since pre-Columbian era and appreciated for its digestive properties. The Chaco is an edible medicinal clay that is used as slurry with water to restrain dyspeptic discomfort or acid-peptic manifestations. In this contribution we present physicochemical aspects of the composition of the Chaco, experimental animal studies that evaluate its antiulcer effect and in vitro test that studies the antacid property. The proposed mechanism of therapeutic action is due to a cytoprotective effect on the gastric mucosa by independent mechanisms of acid secretion inhibition, as it has no antacid property in vitro. Also it has an adsorptivity to different organic molecules due to their large surface area and tetrahedral charge that makes it to interact with polar substances such as water and toxins. The other purpose of this special contribution is to recognize the coexistence of "Traditional Medicine" and "Western Medicine", a situation which leads to the need for preclinical research of various natural resources.

El "chaco": arcilla medicinal comestible del altiplano peruano y sus propiedades en la patología digestiva / The "Chaco": eatable medicinal clay in the Peruvian highlands and his properties in digestive diseases

Los pobladores del altiplano peruano-boliviano consumen una sustancia natural conocida como "chaco", muy difundida desde la época precolombina y apreciada por sus propiedades digestivas. El Chaco es una arcilla medicinal comestible que es usada en forma de suspensión con agua para cohibir molestias dispépticas o manifestaciones ácido-pépticas. En esta contribución damos a conocer aspectos físico-químicos de la composición del Chaco, estudios experimentales en animales que evalúan su efecto antiulceroso y una prueba in vitro que estudia su propiedad antiácida. El mecanismo de acción terapéutico propuesto se debe a una acción citoprotectora sobre la mucosa gástrica por mecanismos independientes de la inhibición de la secreción ácida, ya que no posee propiedad antiácida in vitro. Además tiene una capacidad de adsorción a distintas moléculas orgánicas debido a su gran superficie externa y carga tetraédrica que hace que interaccione con sustancias polares como el agua y toxinas. El otro propósito de esta contribución especial, es reconocer la coexistencia de la "Medicina Tradicional" y la "Medicina Occidental", situación que conlleva a la necesidad de la investigación preclínica de diversos recursos naturales.

The inhabitants of the peruvian-bolivian plateau consume a natural substance known as "Chaco", widespread since pre-Columbian era and appreciated for its digestive properties. The Chaco is an edible medicinal clay that is used as slurry with water to restrain dyspeptic discomfort or acid-peptic manifestations. In this contribution we present physicochemical aspects of the composition of the Chaco, experimental animal studies that evaluate its antiulcer effect and in vitro test that studies the antacid property. The proposed mechanism of therapeutic action is due to a cytoprotective effect on the gastric mucosa by independent mechanisms of acid secretion inhibition, as it has no antacid property in vitro. Also it has an adsorptivity to different organic molecules due to their large surface area and tetrahedral charge that makes it to interact with polar substances such as water and toxins. The other purpose of this special contribution is to recognize the coexistence of "Traditional Medicine" and "Western Medicine", a situation which leads to the need for preclinical research of various natural resources.

[Hepatic pseudotumor in acute fascioliasis]. / Pseudotumor hepático en fasciolosis aguda.

We report a 61-year-old woman who was hospitalized because of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant related to a liver tumor (ultrasound and tomographic findings). A collection of blood was obtained by a biopsy and there were no tumor cells. With the suspicion of acute fascioliasis (liver stage), due to severe eosinophilia and recent travel to endemic area of Fasciola hepatica, arc II and ELISA Fas 2 we carried out and were positive. Parasitological stool examinations were negative. During hospitalization a hepatic subcapsular hematoma presented as a complication and the patient developed fever because of cholangiolitic microabscesses in the left hepatic lobe. Percutaneous drainage was performed and positive cultures of secretions were obtained She received antibiotic coverage with vancomycin and imipenem. Treatment for Fasciola hepatica was initiated with nitaxozanida but it was discontinued due to oral intolerance. Later, she received a single dose of 250 mg triclabendazole with clinical and laboratory improvement. We presented this case because it is an unusual pseudotumoral presentation in acute hepatic fascioliasis. This parasitic disease is an emerging zoonosis in Perú.

Pseudotumor hepático en fasciolosis aguda / [Hepatic pseudotumor in acute fascioliasis].

We report a 61-year-old woman who was hospitalized because of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant related to a liver tumor (ultrasound and tomographic findings). A collection of blood was obtained by a biopsy and there were no tumor cells. With the suspicion of acute fascioliasis (liver stage), due to severe eosinophilia and recent travel to endemic area of Fasciola hepatica, arc II and ELISA Fas 2 we carried out and were positive. Parasitological stool examinations were negative. During hospitalization a hepatic subcapsular hematoma presented as a complication and the patient developed fever because of cholangiolitic microabscesses in the left hepatic lobe. Percutaneous drainage was performed and positive cultures of secretions were obtained She received antibiotic coverage with vancomycin and imipenem. Treatment for Fasciola hepatica was initiated with nitaxozanida but it was discontinued due to oral intolerance. Later, she received a single dose of 250 mg triclabendazole with clinical and laboratory improvement. We presented this case because it is an unusual pseudotumoral presentation in acute hepatic fascioliasis. This parasitic disease is an emerging zoonosis in Perú.

Pseudotumor hepático en fasciolosis aguda. / [Hepatic pseudotumor in acute fascioliasis].

We report a 61-year-old woman who was hospitalized because of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant related to a liver tumor (ultrasound and tomographic findings). A collection of blood was obtained by a biopsy and there were no tumor cells. With the suspicion of acute fascioliasis (liver stage), due to severe eosinophilia and recent travel to endemic area of Fasciola hepatica, arc II and ELISA Fas 2 we carried out and were positive. Parasitological stool examinations were negative. During hospitalization a hepatic subcapsular hematoma presented as a complication and the patient developed fever because of cholangiolitic microabscesses in the left hepatic lobe. Percutaneous drainage was performed and positive cultures of secretions were obtained She received antibiotic coverage with vancomycin and imipenem. Treatment for Fasciola hepatica was initiated with nitaxozanida but it was discontinued due to oral intolerance. Later, she received a single dose of 250 mg triclabendazole with clinical and laboratory improvement. We presented this case because it is an unusual pseudotumoral presentation in acute hepatic fascioliasis. This parasitic disease is an emerging zoonosis in Perú.

Etiología de la diarrea crónica en el adulto mayor del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati - Lima-Perú: estudio retrospectivo 2005-2011 / Etiology of chronic diarrhea in the elderly in Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati, Lima-Peru

INTRODUCCION: El impacto de la diarrea crónica en el adulto mayor es desproporcionado por diversos factores provocando mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. OBJETIVO: Describir las principales características acerca de la diarrea crónica en los pacientes ancianos del hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati (Lima-Perú) durante el periodo enero del 2005 a diciembre del 2011, METODO: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en la cual se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes adultos mayores con el diagnostico de diarrea crónica, vertiéndose los datos en una ficha de recolección. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 202 pacientes. La edad media fue de 73,5±6,7 años, siendo la mayoría mujeres (57.43%). Las principales comorbilidades fueron las cardiovasculares (60,4%) y endocrinas (27,2%). El tiempo de enfermedad medio fue de 21.6 ± 13.6 semanas. Los exámenes más solicitados fueron hemograma, bioquímica (glucosa, urea y creatinina), albumina, coprofuncional, parasitologico y colonoscopia. El tipo de diarrea más frecuente fue organica (84,16%). Dentro de las principales causas se encontró a la colitis microscópica (35,15%), parasitosis (15,84%), síndrome de intestino irritable (14,85%) y sobrecrecimiento bacteriano (8,42%). CONCLUSIONES: Las causas más frecuentes de diarrea crónica en el anciano son colitis microscópica, parasitosis, síndrome de intestino irritable y sobrecrecimiento bacteriano.

INTRODUCTION: The impact of chronic diarrhea in the elderly is disproportionate by several factors causing increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the main features about the chronic diarrhea in elderly patients from Edgardo Rebagliati Hospital (Lima-Peru) during the period January 2005 to December 2011, METHOD: A descriptive and retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records of elderly patients with the diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, pouring in a data collection sheet. RESULTS: We reviewed the medical records of 202 patients. The mean age was 73.5 ± 6.7 years, with most women (57.43%). Major comorbidities were cardiovascular (60.4%) and endocrine (27.2%). The half time of illness was 21.6 ± 13.6 weeks. The most requested tests were CBC, biochemistry, albumin, coprofuncional, parasitological and colonoscopy. The most common type of diarrhea was the organic (84.16%). Among the main causes were found microscopic colitis (35.15%), parasites (15.84%), irritable bowel syndrome (14.85%) and bacterial overgrowth (8.42%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common causes of chronic diarrhea in the elderly are microscopic colitis, parasites, irritable bowel syndrome and bacterial overgrowth.

Endometriosis extrapélvica semejando cáncer colorrectal estenosante: Reporte de dos casos / Colorectal cancer endometriosis resembling stenosing extrapelvic: Report of two cases

Presentamos a dos mujeres -de 40 y 42 años- con endometriosis colorrectal, ambas con antecedente de endometriosis pélvica y episodios de rectorragia simultáneos con la menstruación. En las evaluaciones endoscópicas detectamos una tumoración sigmoidea y una tumoración rectosigmoidea respectivamente, que aparentaron corresponder a cáncer colorrectal estenosante de origen epitelial.

We present two women of 40 and 42 years with colorectal endometriosis, both with a history of pelvic endometriosis and simultaneous episodes of rectal bleeding with menstruation. In endoscopic evaluations detected a sigmoid tumor and rectosigmoid tumor respectively, which apparently corresponds to stenosing colorectal cancer of epithelial origin.

Concepción mágico-religiosa de la Medicina en la América Prehispánica / Magical and religious beliefs in Medicine in Pre-Hispanic America

La génesis de la Medicina en la América Prehispánica puede aún verse reflejada en la cosmovisión mágico religiosa que en la actualidad los pueblos originarios, que poblaron esta tierra y han subsistido, mantienen sobre el fenómeno de la enfermedad y en sus costumbres terapéuticas. El pensamiento mágico û religioso en la salud y la forma de afrontar la enfermedad se caracterizaron por ser ampliamente difundidos en todas las culturas del norte, centro y sur de América.

The origins of medicine in pre-Hispanic South America are still evident in the magic and religious cosmic vision that influences the beliefs of many native South American with respect to health and disease and their therapy approaches. This magical-religious approach for health and disease has been widely spread in North, Central and South America cultures.

[Associated risk factors in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia with mild gastroduodenal disease. Is it always related to Helicobacter pylori infection?]. / Factores de riesgo asociados a metaplasia intestinal gástrica en pacientes sin enfermedad gastroduodenal significativa. ¿Está siempre asociada la infección por Helicobacter pylori?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the presence or absence of association of Helicobacter pylori infection (HP) as risk factor for gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM), and to determine concomitant cofactors. METHODS: A prospective, case-control study was performed from October 2010 to May 2011, in outpatients without significant gastroduodenal disease. The presence or absence of IM was diagnosed by gastric biopsies (case or control, respectively). H. Pylori infection, age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, family history of gastric cancer and bile reflux were evaluated. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 440 patients (88 cases and 352 controls) were studied, with a mean age ± SD of 44.3 ± 15.7 years; 58.2% were women. Prevalence of HP infection was 51.6% in the population and 46.6% in patients with IM. The mean age was significantly higher in cases (56.5 years vs. 39, p = 0.0005), whereas no differences in other variables studied. In bivariate analysis, only age ≥ 50 years was a risk factor (OR = 4.47, 95% CI 2.66-7.57), whereas in multivariate analysis the risk factors were age ≥ 50 years (OR = 4.67, 95% CI 2.79-7.81), bile reflux (OR = 3.66, 95% CI 1.71-7.83) and history of alcohol drinking (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.33-4.03). HP infection showed an OR less < 1 (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.51-1.41). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with the presence of IM in outpatients without significant gastroduodenal disease were age ≥ 50 years, bile reflux and a history of alcohol drinking in the population studied. H. Pylori infection was not associated as risk factor for IM.

Factores de riesgo asociados a metaplasia intestinal gástrica en pacientes sin enfermedad gastroduodenal significativa: ¿está siempre asociada la infección por helicobacter pylori? / Risk factors associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia in patients without significant gastroduodenal disease: is always associated infection by helicobacter pylori?

INTRODUCCIÓN.- El objetivo principal del estudio fue estudiar la presencia o no de asociación de la infección por Helicobacter pylori (HP) como factor de riesgo para la metaplasia intestinal gástrica (MIG), y determinar la existencia de cofactores concomitantes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS.- Se desarrolló un estudio de casos y controles en pacientes sin lesiones gastroduodenales significativas que acudieron al Hospital Uldarico Rocca, desde octubre del 2010 a mayo del 2011. Se definió casos a aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de MIG y controles a aquellos sin MIG. Las variables estudiadas fueron: infección por HP, edad, sexo, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, antecedente familiar de cáncer gástrico y reflujo biliar. Se realizó análisis bivariado y multivariado mediante regresión logística múltiple para determinar la presencia de factores de riesgo asociados. RESULTADOS.- Se estudiaron 440 pacientes (88 casos y 352 controles). La edad media de la población fue 44.3 ± 15.7 año y el 58.2% fueron mujeres. La prevalencia de la infección por HP fue de 51.6% en la población y de 46.6% en los pacientes con MIG. La mediana de la edad fue significativamente mayor en los casos (56.5 años vs. 39 años, p=0.0005), mientras que no hubo diferencias en las demás variables estudiadas entre ambos grupos. En el análisis bivariado solamente la edad ≥ 50 años se comportó como factor de riesgo (OR=4.47, IC95% 2.66-7.57), mientras que en el análisis multivariado las variables que se comportaron como factores de riesgo fueron: edad ≥ 50 años (OR= 4.67; IC 95% 2.79-7.81), reflujo biliar (OR= 3.66; IC 95% 1.71-7.83) y el antecedente de consumo de alcohol (OR=2.31; IC 95% 1.33-4.03). La infección por HP presentó un OR menor a la unidad (OR=0.85; IC 95% 0.51-1.41). CONCLUSIONES.- Los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de MIG en pacientes sin lesiones gastroduodenales significativas fueron la edad igual o mayor a 50 años...

OBJETIVE: This study aimed to assess the presence or absence of association of Helicobacter pylori infection (HP) as risk factor for gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM), and to determine concomitant cofactors. METHODS: A prospective, case-control study was performed from October 2010 to May 2011, in outpatients without significant gastroduodenal disease. The presence or absence of IM was diagnosed by gastric biopsies (case or control, respectively). H. Pylori infection, age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, family history of gastric cancer and bile reflux were evaluated. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 440 patients (88 cases and 352 controls) were studied, with a mean age ± SD of 44.3 ± 15.7 years; 58.2% were women. Prevalence of HP infection was 51.6% in the population and 46.6% in patients with IM. The mean age was significantly higher in cases (56.5 years vs. 39, p = 0.0005), whereas no differences in other variables studied. In bivariate analysis, only age ≥ 50 years was a risk factor (OR = 4.47, 95% CI 2.66-7.57), whereas in multivariate analysis the risk factors were age ≥ 50 years (OR = 4.67, 95% CI 2.79-7.81), bile reflux (OR = 3.66, 95% CI 1.71-7.83) and history of alcohol drinking (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.33-4.03). HP infection showed an OR less < 1 (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.51-1.41). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with the presence of IM in outpatients without significant gastroduodenal disease were age ≥ 50 years, bile reflux and a history of alcohol drinking in the population studied. H. Pylori infection was not associated as risk factor for IM.

[Etiology of chronic diarrhea in the elderly in Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati, Lima-Peru]. / "Etiología de la diarrea crónica en el adulto mayor del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati-Lima-Perú: estudio retrospectivo 2005-2011".

INTRODUCTION: The impact of chronic diarrhea in the elderly is disproportionate by several factors causing increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the main features about the chronic diarrhea in elderly patients from Edgardo Rebagliati Hospital (Lima-Peru) during the period January 2005 to December 2011, METHOD: A descriptive and retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records of elderly patients with the diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, pouring in a data collection sheet. RESULTS: We reviewed the medical records of 202 patients. The mean age was 73.5 ± 6.7 years, with most women (57.43%). Major comorbidities were cardiovascular (60.4%) and endocrine (27.2%). The half time of illness was 21.6 ± 13.6 weeks. The most requested tests were CBC, biochemistry, albumin, coprofuncional, parasitological and colonoscopy. The most common type of diarrhea was the organic (84.16%). Among the main causes were found microscopic colitis (35.15%), parasites (15.84%), irritable bowel syndrome (14.85%) and bacterial overgrowth (8.42%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common causes of chronic diarrhea in the elderly are microscopic colitis, parasites, irritable bowel syndrome and bacterial overgrowth.

[Colorectal cancer endometriosis resembling stenosing extrapelvic: report of two cases]. / Endometriosis extrapélvica semejando cáncer colorrectal estenosante. Reporte de dos casos.

We present two women of 40 and 42 years with colorectal endometriosis, both with a history of pelvic endometriosis and simultaneous episodes of rectal bleeding with menstruation. In endoscopic evaluations detected a sigmoid tumor and rectosigmoid tumor respectively, which apparently corresponds to stenosing colorectal cancer of epithelial origin.

Coledocolitiasis en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (2010-2011): incidencia, factores de Riesgo, aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos / Choledocholithiasis in Edgardo Rebaglitti Martins Hospital: Lima-Peru: 2010-2011: incidence, risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects

OBJETIVO: Determinar la incidencia, frecuencia de factores de riesgo, aspectos diagnóstico (clínicos, bioquímica, imágenes) y terapéuticos de la coledocolitiasis. Pacientes y Métodos : Análisis descriptivo y prospectivo de 51 pacientes, quienes firmaron consentimiento informado para estudio de coledocolitiasis por CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrograda endoscópica). Resultados : De 51 pacientes, en 36 (70.6%) se confirma coledocolitiasis por CPRE. Su incidencia fue de 10.4%. Edad promedio de 63.75 años, IMC promedio de 25.59 Kg/m2 y 55.6% fueron mujeres. La dolorabilidad se presentó en el 94.4% de los pacientes con coledocolitiasis. El promedio de BT (bilirrubina total) en el grupo de coledocolitiasis fue de 5.8 mg/dl al ingreso y 4.2 mg/dl en hospitalización. 11.1% debutaron con pancreatitis y 30.6% con colangitis. En el 68.7% de los pacientes con colangitis se confirmó coledocolitiasis. La especificidad de la ecografía fue 0.80 (IC95% 0.6-1). La especificidad de la colangioresonancia (CRM) fue de 0.25 (IC 95% 0.17-0.67). De los 51 pacientes con CPRE, 4 (7.80%) presentaron pancreatitis, 1 (1.96%) colangitis y 2 (3.92%) sangrado Conclusiones: La coledocolitiasis afecta a personas mayores, sexo femenino y con sobrepeso, con una incidencia de 10.4%. La dolorabilidad fue el síntoma más frecuente. La bilirrubina total fue mayor a 4mg/dl en pacientes con coledocolitiasis. Las complicaciones de coledocolitiasis (pancreatitis y colangitis) fueron más frecuentes que la reportada en la literatura. Tanto la especificidad de colangitis para coledocolitiasis, la especificidad de la ecografía y la especificidad de la CRM fueron menores a la reportada en la literatura. Las complicaciones de CPRE fueron levemente mayores que la reportada en la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the incidence, frequency of risk factors, diagnostic aspects (clinics, biochemical, and images) and therapeutic aspects of the choledocholithiasis. Patients and methods: Descriptive and prospective analysis of 51 patients who signed informed consent for study of choledocholithiasis by ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography). Results : Of the 51 patients, 36 (70.6%) confirmed choledocholithiasis by ERCP. It sincidence was 10.4%. The mean age was 63.75 years, BMI 25.59 kg/m2 and 55.6% were women. Abdominal pain was present in 94.4% of patients. Total bilirubin in the group with choledocholithiasis was 5.8 mg / dl at baseline and 4.2 mg / dl in hospitalization. 11.1% debuted with pancreatitis and 30.6% with cholangitis. In 68.7% of patients with cholangitis was confirmed choledocholithiasis by ERCP. The specificity of ultrasound was 0.80 (95% CI0.6- 1). The specificity of the nuclear magnetic resonance was 0.25 (95% CI 0.17-0.67). Of the 51 patients with ERCP, 4 (7.80%) do pancreatitis, 1 (1.96%) cholangitis and 2 (3.92%) bleeding. Conclusions. Choledocholithiasis occurs in older people, female and overweight with an incidence of 10.4%. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom. A total bilirubin more than 4mg/dl occurs in patients with choledocholithiasis. The complications of choledocholithiasis (pancreatitis and cholangitis) were more frequent than reported in the literature. Both thespecificity of cholangitis for choledocholithiasis, the specificity of ultrasound and the specificity of the nuclear magnetic resonance were lower than reported in the literature. ERCP complications were slightly higher than that reported in the literature.

Valoración de las indicaciones de colonoscopia en la predicción diagnóstica de cáncer de colon / Assessment of the indications of colonoscopy in the prediction of colon cancer diagnosis

OBJETIVO: determinar el valor diagnóstico de las indicaciones de la colonoscopia como predictores de cáncer de colon en nuestro medio. METODOLOGIA: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las indicaciones de colonoscopia en la Clínica Centenario Peruano Japonesa entre mayo 2006 a diciembre 2010. Se consideró como variable dependiente al diagnóstico de cáncer de colon y como variables independientes a las indicaciones del estudio colonoscópico. Para cada una de las indicaciones se calcularon la sensibilidad (S), el valor predictivo positivo (VPP), el cociente de probabilidad o likelihood ratio (LR) y el número necesario para diagnosticar (NND). RESULTADOS: De las 2290 colonoscopias analizadas, 58 (2.5%) presentaron cáncer de colon, con una edad media de 66.5 ± 12.4 años (rango 27-84), a predominio de los mayores de 50 años (89.7%). Las indicaciones con mayor VPP fueron: tumor abdominal (20.0%), estudio de metástasis hepática (16.7%), hematoquezia (12.2%), sospecha radiológica(10.0%), síndrome consuntivo (8.3%) y anemia (7.9%). Las indicaciones con mayor LR+ fueron: tumor abdominal (9.62), estudio de metástasis hepática (7.70), hematoquezia (5.33), sospecha radiológica (4.28), síndrome consuntivo (3.5) y anemia (3.31). El NND fue de 5 en la hematoquezia y de 10 en la anemia, mientras que las demás indicaciones tuvieron NND negativo o no significativo. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro estudio las indicaciones de tumor abdominal, estudio demetástasis hepática, hematoquezia, sospecha radiológica, síndrome consuntivo y anemia se asocian con el diagnóstico de cáncer de colon. La hematoquezia y anemia tuvieron adecuados valores de NND para diagnosticar cáncer de colon.

OBJETIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of colonoscopy indications as predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A retrospective study of colonoscopy indications in Centenary Peruvian Japanese Clinic from 2006 to 2010 was performed. Diagnosis of CRC was considered as dependent variable whereas colonoscopy indications were considered as independent variables. For each indication we calculated the sensitivity (S), positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and number of colonoscopies needed to diagnose a case of CRC (NND). RESULTS: Of the 2290 colonoscopies analyzed, 58 (2.5%) had colorectal cancer, with amean age of 66.5 ± 12.4 years (range 27-84) of whom 89.7% were older than 50 years. The indications with greatest PPV were abdominal tumor (20.0%), liver metastases (16.7%), hematochezia (12.2%), suspicious radiological image (10.0%), constitutional syndrome (8.3%) and anemia (7.9%). The indications with greatest LR+ were liver abdominal tumor (9.62), liver metastases (7.70), hematoquezia (5.33), suspicious radiological image (4.28), (3.5) and anemia (3.31). The NND was 5 in hematoquezia and 10 in anemia, while others indications had negative NND or no significant.

[Choledocholithiasis in Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital. Lima-Peru. 2010-2011. Incidence, risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. / Coledocolitiasis en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Lima-Perú. 2010-2011: Incidencia, Factores de Riesgo, Aspectos Diagnósticos y Terapéuticos.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the incidence, frequency of risk factors, diagnostic aspects (clinics, biochemical, and images) and therapeutic aspects of the choledocholithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Descriptive and prospective analysis of 51 patients who signed informed consent for study of choledocholithiasis by ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography). RESULTS: Of the 51 patients, 36 (70.6%) confirmed choledocholithiasis by ERCP. Its incidence was 10.4%. The mean age was 63.75 years, BMI 25.59 kg/m2 and 55.6% were women. Abdominal pain was present in 94.4% of patients. Total bilirubin in the group with choledocholithiasis was 5.8 mg / dl at baseline and 4.2 mg / dl in hospitalization. 11.1% debuted with pancreatitis and 30.6% with cholangitis. In 68.7% of patients with cholangitis was confirmed choledocholithiasis by ERCP. The specificity of ultrasound was 0.80 (95% CI 0.6- 1). The specificity of the nuclear magnetic resonance was 0.25 (95% CI 0.17-0.67). Of the 51 patients with ERCP, 4 (7.80%) do pancreatitis, 1(1.96%) cholangitis and 2 (3.92%) bleeding CONCLUSIONS: Choledocholithiasis occurs in older people, female and overweight with an incidence of 10.4%. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom. A total bilirubin more tan 4mg/dl occurs in patients with choledocholithiasis. The complications of choledocholithiasis (pancreatitis and cholangitis) were more frequent than reported in the literature. Both the specificity of cholangitis for choledocholithiasis, the specificity of ultrasound and the specificity of the nuclear magnetic resonance were lower than reported in the literature. ERCP complications were slightly higher than that reported in the literature.

[Assessment of the indications of colonoscopy in the prediction of colon cancer diagnosis]. / Valoración de las Indicaciones de Colonoscopia en la Predicción Diagnóstica de Cáncer de Colon.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of colonoscopy indications as predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A retrospective study of colonoscopy indications in Centenary Peruvian Japanese Clinic from 2006 to 2010 was performed. Diagnosis of CRC was considered as dependent variable whereas colonoscopy indications were considered as independent variables. For each indication we calculated the sensitivity (S), positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and number of colonoscopies needed to diagnose a case of CRC (NND). RESULTS: Of the 2290 colonoscopies analyzed, 58 (2.5%) had colorectal cancer, with a mean age of 66.5 } 12.4 years (range 27-84) of whom 89.7% were older than 50 years. The indications with greatest PPV were abdominal tumor (20.0%), liver metastases (16.7%), hematochezia (12.2%), suspicious radiological image (10.0%), constitutional syndrome (8.3%) and anemia (7.9%). The indications with greatest LR+ were liver abdominal tumor (9.62), liver metastases (7.70), hematoquezia (5.33), suspicious radiological image (4.28), (3.5) and anemia (3.31). The NND was 5 in hematoquezia and 10 in anemia, while others indications had negative NND or no significant. CONCLUSIONS: Indications of abdominal tumor, liver metastases, non-distal rectal bleeding, suspicious radiological image, constitutional syndrome and anemia were associated with colorectal cancer diagnosis. Non-distal rectal bleeding and anemia had adequate NND in diagnosis of colorectal cancer.